| Taxation Taxation issues for investors and traders. |
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#1 (permalink) |
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Status: Administrator
Join Date: Jul 2007
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Gift refers to the transfer of certain existing moveable or immoveable property by one person to another. A gift is a transfer without any element of consideration. Love, spiritual benefit and many other such emotions may be the intention of the donor to make a gift. Complete absence of monetary consideration is an important prerequisite. Where there is any equivalent of benefit measured in terms of money in respect of a gift, the transaction ceases to be a gift.
The transfer should be made voluntarily and without consideration. The person transferring the property is called the donor. The person to whom the property is transferred is referred to as the donee. The donee must accept the property during the lifetime of the donor and while he is still capable of giving. In case the donee dies before acceptance, the gift is void. A gift can be effected through a gift deed. Any person who is competent to contract can gift his property. A minor, being incompetent to contract, is incompetent to transfer property. A gift by a minor is void. However, a minor can accept gifts. A guardian can accept a gift on behalf of a minor containing a condition that a person nominated in the gift deed will act as a manager of the gifted property. Such acceptance would amount to recognition by the guardian of the nominated person as the manager or the agent of the minor for the purpose of such property. A minor may be a donee. But if the gift is onerous, the obligation cannot bee enforced against him while he is a minor. But when he attains majority he must either accept the burden or return the gift. Gift may be accepted by or on behalf of the donee. Donee may be a person unable to express acceptance. A gift can be made to a child and could be accepted on its behalf. The donee must be an ascertainable person. The subject matter of the gift must be certain existing movable or immovable property. It may be land, goods, or actionable claims, and must be transferable. There cannot be any gift of future property. A gift must be of tangible property. A person should be an adult and of sound mind to make a gift. A gift, to be valid, must be made by a person with his free consent and not under compulsion. However, a mere weakness of the intellect would not be sufficient to invalidate a gift if the donor could comprehend the transaction. A transfer of property must be voluntary and made gratuitously. It must satisfactorily appear that the donor knew what he was doing and understood the contents of the instrument and its effect, and also that undue influence or pressure was not exercised upon clear intention to make a gift. Gift involves the process of giving and taking, which are two reciprocal acts. There must be acceptance of gift as well. There is no particular mode of acceptance. The acceptance may be express or implied. Further, the property must be accepted by the donee during the lifetime of the donor. Fact of acceptance can be established by different circumstances such as donee taking a property or being in possession of deed of gift alone. If a document of gift after its execution or registration in favour of donee is handed over to him by the donor, it amounts to a valid acceptance of gift. Even when a gift is made by a registered instrument, it has to be accepted by or on behalf of the donee to make it complete, failing which the gift will be bad. The law requires acceptance of the gift after its execution, though the deed may not be registered. The acceptance may be signified by an overt act such as the actual taking of possession of the property, or such acts by the donee as would in law amount to taking possession of the property where the property is not capable of physical possession. Delivery of possession is an essential condition for the validity of the gift. However, it is not necessary that in every case there should be a physical delivery of possession. Possession the delivery of which would complete a gift may be either actual or constructive. The donor should divest himself completely of all ownership and dominion over the subject of the gift. A gift of immovable property can be made only by a registered instrument. A gift of immovable property, which is not registered, is bad in law and cannot pass any title to the donee. Documents should be stamped and registered as required, and attested by two witnesses. Mere delivery of possession without a written instrument cannot confer any title. A deed cannot be dispensed with even for a property of small value. |
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#2 (permalink) |
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Status: Junior Member
Join Date: Aug 2009
Posts: 1
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